Drupal out of the box: flexible, secure, stable

Framework? It's about code.

Framework — a reusable set of libraries or classes for a software system.

Framework + UI = CMF

Before we dive in...
Where to put the code?

• Do not hack core!
• Modules for logic (M, C)
• Themes for representation (V)

* Patches for geeks :)

Extend with hooks

           /**
            * Implements hook_custom_theme().
            */
           function MYMODULE_custom_theme() {
             return $custom_themekey;
           }

       

Hook is a common IT term. For example, it is used in Windows API, Git, Wordpress etc.

Extend with hooks

~350 hooks in 7's core: Hooks on Drupal.org

You can create your own hooks and call them with module_invoke_all(), module_invoke() and drupal_alter().

You also can alter other mosules' hook implementations with hook_module_implements_alter().

Most popular hooks

Drupal 8 uses hooks, too.

Add own implementations
for Drupal subsystems

Override subsystems in settings.php

What to write?

Simple

t('Translate me');

Secure

t('Translate me, %username!',
           array('%username' => $account->name));

Configurable

• Contexts
• $conf['locale_custom_strings_en']

You can use format_string() if you need t() without translation.

EFQ

$query = new EntityFieldQuery();
$query->entityCondition('entity_type', 'node')
      ->propertyCondition('status', 1)
      ->propertyCondition('type', array('article', 'blog'))
      ->fieldCondition('field_type', 'value', 'A')
      ->propertyOrderBy('created', 'DESC')
      ->range(0, 5);
$result = $query->execute(); // Only entity ids.

EFQ

• Field API support
• Storage agnostic
• Built-in params sanitizing
• Access checks (can be bypassed)
• Tags ->addTag('debug')
• Metadata ->addMetaData('node', $node)
• Extenders (Pager, tableSort)
• \Drupal::entityQuery() in Drupal 8

OOP, please

class CustomEntityFieldQuery extends EntityFieldQuery {

}

Render Arrays

$build['our_theme_function'] = array(
    '#theme' => 'theming_example_list',
    '#attached' => array('css' => ...),
    '#title' => $title,
    '#items' => $items,
  );

return drupal_render($build);

Render Arrays

• Do not hardcode HTML
• Theme suggestions: #theme => 'links__mymodule'
• #attached, #attributes etc
• #cache support
• Built-in theme functions: table, tableselect, item_list, ...
• Drupal 8: Render Arrays + Twig